and artefacts are put at risk through several anthropogenic actions.

 Anthropogenic threats take various dimensions, ranging from theft from museums, private collections, and religious buildings, smuggling and illicit trade of Cultural Goods, the irremediable looting and demolition of archaeological sites by clandestine excavators, or simply neglecting of heritage sites.

Illicit trading has expanded dramatically recently, especially in areas affected by armed conflicts and natural disasters, either aiming at destroying collective memory and dismembering people’s identity or mostly motivated by the pursuit of profit.